Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. Seizure symptoms can vary widely. Some people with epilepsy simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, while others repeatedly twitch their arms or legs. At least two unprovoked seizures are generally required for an epilepsy diagnosis. Seizures fall into two categories. Seizures that appear to involve all areas of the brain are called generalized seizures & those that involve a restricted area are called focal seizures. Seek immediate medical help if any of the following occurs: The seizure lasts more than five minutes, breathing or consciousness doesn’t return after the seizure stops or a second seizure follows immediately.
Epilepsy has no identifiable cause in about half the people with the condition. In the other half may have the following causes: Genetic, head trauma, brain tumors or strokes, infectious diseases, prenatal injury. Stroke and other vascular diseases.The diagnosis of epilepsy is made through metabolic parameters, eeg, CT scan and MRI of brain. Most people with epilepsy can become seizure-free by taking one anti-seizure medication, which is also called anti-epileptic medication. Others may be able to decrease the frequency and intensity of their seizures by taking a combination of medications. When medications fail to provide adequate control over seizures, surgery may be an option. With epilepsy surgery, a surgeon removes the area of your brain that’s causing seizures.